The Miracle of Iron

Iron is one of the elements highlighted in the Qur’an. In Surat al-Hadid, meaning Iron, we are informed:

…And We sent down iron in which there lies great force and which has many uses for mankind.... (Quran - Surat al-Hadid : 25)

The word “sent down” particularly used for iron in the verse, could be thought of having a metaphorical meaning to explain that iron is given to the service of people. But when we take into consideration the literal meaning of the word, which is, “being physically sent down from the sky”, we realize that this verse implies a very significant scientific miracle.

This is because modern astronomical findings have disclosed that the metal of iron found in our world has come down from the giant stars in outer space.

The heavy metals in the universe are produced in the nucleus of big stars. Our solar system, however, does not have a suitable structure to produce iron on its own. Iron can only be produced in much bigger stars than the sun, where the temperature reaches a few hundred million degrees. When the amount of iron exceeds a certain level in a star, the star can no longer bear it and eventually it explodes in what is called a “nova” or a “supernova”. As a result of this explosion, meteors containing iron are scattered around the universe and they move through the void until attracted by the gravitational force of a celestial body.


All this shows that the iron metal did not form on the earth but was carried from exploding stars in space via meteorsand was “sent down to earth” exactly the same way as stated in the verse: It is clear that this fact could not have been scientifically known in the 7th century, when the Qur’an was revealed.

( And We sent down iron in which there lies great force and which has many uses for mankind. ) (Quran : Surat al-Hadid : 25)

In addition, the 25th verse of Surat al-Hadid, which refers to iron, includes two interesting mathematical codes. Surat al-Hadid is the 57th Surah in the Qur’an. The numerical value of the word “Al-Hadid” in Arabic, in other words its Abjad, is the same number: 57. The numerical value of the word “Hadid” alone is 26, and 26 is the atomic number of iron.

Reference : "the miracles of the Quran" by Harun Yahya.

tags: islam science miracle quran god miracles allah space orbits verse astronomy facts universe miracles of allah galaxy physics paths allah miracles system sun moon iron stars nova supernova

The Pairs in Creation

( Glory be to Him Who created all the pairs: from what the earth produces and from themselves and from things unknown to them. ) (The Qur'an - 36:36)

Although the concept of ''pair'' or "couple" commonly stands for male and female, the statement of ''from things unknown to them'' has wider implications. Today, one of the implications of the verse has been revealed. The British scientist Paul Dirac, who proposed that matter is created in pairs, was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1933. This discovery, called ''parité'', maintains that matter is paired with its opposite: anti-matter. Anti-matter carries the opposite properties to matter. For instance, as opposed to matter, the electron of anti-matter is positively charged and its protons are negatively charged. This fact is stated in a scientific source in this way:

“...every particle has its antiparticle of opposite charge… …and the uncertainty relation tells us that pair creation and pair annihilation happen in the vacuum at all times, in all places.” (1)

Reference : "the miracles of the Quran" by Harun Yahya.

(1) http://www.2think.org/nothingness. html,
Henning Genz ? Nothingness: The Science of Empty Space, p. 205

The Fine Tuning in the Universe

By Harun Yahya

(He Who created the seven heavens in layers. You will not find any flaw in the creation of the All-Merciful. Look again—do you see any gaps? Then look again and again. Your sight will return to you dazzled and exhausted! ) (Qur’an, 67:3-4)

( He to Whom the kingdom of the heavens and the earth belongs. He does not have a son and He has no partner in the Kingdom. He created everything and determined it most exactly. ) (Qur’an, 25:2)

Materialist philosophy emerged with the claim that all the systems in nature and the universe were like machines that functioned on their own, that the flawless order and balance within them were the work of chance. However, today, the false nature of materialism and of Darwinism, its so-called scientific foundation, has been scientifically demonstrated.

The scientific discoveries of the 20th century that followed swiftly, one after the other, in the fields of astrophysics and biology have proved that life and the universe were created. As the theses of Darwinism collapsed, the Big Bang theory has shown that the universe was created from nothing. Discoveries have revealed that there is a great design and fine-tuning in the material world and this has categorically demonstrated the groundless nature of the claims of materialism.

Considering the conditions necessary for life, we see that only the Earth meets these particular conditions. For an environment suitable for life, there are innumerable conditions taking place simultaneously and unceasingly all around us. There are some hundred billion galaxies, each with—on average—a hundred billion stars.1 In all the galaxies, there are perhaps as many planets as stars. In the face of such overpowering numbers, one can better comprehend the significance of the formation of such an exceptional environment on the Earth.


From the force of the Big Bang explosion to the physical values of atoms, from the levels of the four basic forces to the chemical processes in the stars, from the type of light emitted by the Sun to the level of viscosity of water, from the distance of the Moon to the Earth to the level of gases in the atmosphere, from the Earth’s distance from the Sun to its angle of tilt to its orbit, and from the speed at which the Earth revolves around its own axis to the functions of the oceans and mountains on the Earth: every single detail is ideally suited to our lives. Today, the world of science describes these features by means of the concepts of the “Anthropic Principle” and “Fine-Tuning.” These concepts summarise the way that the universe is not an aimless, uncontrolled, chance collection of matter but that it has a purpose directed towards human life and has been designed with the greatest precision.

Attention is drawn in the above verses to the measure and harmony in Allah’s creation. The word “taqdeeran,” meaning “to design, measure, create by measuring,” is employed in Qur’anic verses such as Surat al-Furqan 2. The word “tibaqan,” meaning “in harmony,” is used in Surat al-Mulk 3 and Surah Nuh 15. Furthermore, Allah also reveals in Surat al-Mulk with the word “tafawutin,” meaning “disagreement, violation, non-conformity, disorder, opposite,” that those who seek disharmony will fail to find it.

The term “fine-tuning,” which began to be used towards the end of the 20th century, represents this truth revealed in the verses. Over the last quarter-century or so, a great many scientists, intellectuals and writers have shown that the universe is not a collection of coincidences. On the contrary, it has an extraordinary design and order ideally suited to human life in its every detail. Many features in the universe clearly show that the universe has been specially designed to support life. The physicist Dr. Karl Giberson expresses this fact thus:

In the 1960s, some physicists observed that our universe appears to have been fine-tuned for the existence of human life. 2

The British astrophysicist Professor George F. Ellis refers to this fine-tuning in these terms:

Amazing fine tuning occurs in the laws that make this [complexity] possible. Realization of the complexity of what is accomplished makes it very difficult not to use the word “miraculous” without taking a stand as to the ontological status of the word. 3

Gravity:

- If gravity were stronger, excessive ammonia and methane would collect in the Earth’s atmosphere, which would have a most damaging effect on life.
- If it were weaker, the Earth’s atmosphere would lose excessive quantities of water, making life impossible.

The Earth’s Distance from the Sun:

- If this were any greater, the planet would grow very cold, the water cycle in the atmosphere would be affected, and the planet would enter an ice-age.
- If the Earth were any closer to the Sun, plants would burn up, the water cycle in the Earth’s atmosphere would be irreparably damaged, and life would become impossible.

The Thickness of the Earth’s Crust:

- If the crust were any thicker, then an excessive amount of oxygen would be transferred to it from the atmosphere.
- If it were any thinner, the resulting amount of volcanic activity would make life impossible.

The Speed at which the Earth Revolves:

- If this were any slower, the temperature difference between day and night would grow enormously.
- If it were any faster, then atmospheric winds would reach enormous speeds, and cyclones and storms would make life impossible.

The Earth’s Magnetic Field:

- If this were any more powerful, very strong electromagnetic storms would arise.
- If it were any weaker, then the Earth would lose its protection against the harmful particles given off by the Sun and known as solar winds. Both situations would make life impossible.

The Albedo Effect (Ratio between the amount of light the Earth reflects and the amount of light that is absorbed):

- If this were any greater, an ice-age would rapidly result.
- If it were any less, the greenhouse effect would lead to excessive warming. The Earth would first be flooded with the melting of the glaciers, and would then burn up.

The Proportion of Oxygen and Nitrogen in the Atmosphere:

- If this were any greater, vital functions would be adversely accelerated.
- If it were any less, vital functions would adversely slow down.

The Proportion of Carbon Dioxide and Water in the Atmosphere:

- If this were any greater, the atmosphere would overheat.
- If it were any less, the temperature of the atmosphere would fall.

The Thickness of the Ozone Layer:

- If this were any greater, the Earth’s temperature would fall enormously.
- If it were any less, the Earth would overheat and be defenceless against the harmful ultraviolet rays emitted by the Sun.

Seismic Activity (Earthquakes):

- If this were any greater, there would be constant upheaval for living things.
- If it were any less, the nutrients at the sea bottom would fail to spread into the water. This would have a damaging effect on life in the seas and oceans and all living things on Earth.

The Earth’s Angle of Tilt:

The Earth has a 23 degree angle of inclination to its orbit. It is this inclination that gives rise to the seasons. If this angle were any greater or any less than it is now, the temperature difference between the seasons would reach extreme dimensions, with unbearably hot summers and bitterly cold winters.

The Size of the Sun:

A smaller star than the Sun would mean the Earth would freeze and a larger star would lead to its burning up.

The Attraction between the Earth and the Moon:

- If this were any greater, the powerful attraction of the Moon would have extremely serious effects on atmospheric conditions, the speed at which the Earth revolves around its own axis and on the ocean tides.

- If it were any less, this would lead to extreme climate changes.

These are just a few of the exceedingly sensitive balances which are essential for life on Earth to have emerged and to survive. Yet even these are sufficient to definitively reveal that the Earth and the universe could not have come into being as the result of a number of consecutive coincidences. The concepts of “fine-tuning” and the “anthropic principle” that began to be employed in the 20th century are further evidence of Allah’s creation. The harmony and proportion therein were described with magnificent accuracy fourteen centuries ago in the Qur’an.

1- Carl Sagan, Cosmos (Avenel, NJ: Wings Books: April 1983), 5-7.
2- Karl Giberson, “The Anthropic Principle,” Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 9 (1997).
3- George F. Ellis, "The Anthropic Principle: Laws and Environments,” The Anthropic Principle, F. Bertola and U. Curi (New York: Cambridge University Press: 1993), 30.

The Holy Quran Refutes Atheism

By: Dr. Salama Abdel-Hady

Are we created with a Creator? Had this Creator addressed us through a scientific and logical approach that may suit our age of knowledge? The answer is given through 17 miraculous verses mentioned successively in Surat Al'Wakihah in the Quran.

Quran is the word of the God “Allah”, that was revealed to His last prophet “Mohammad”, in the light of the history to guide the humanity at the time of its maturity. Mohammed is considered by the Muslims as a man who received from the Creator a message or a religion called “the Islam.” Such Quran guides them to know Allah and leads them to have a successful life and to perform ideally their role on the earth. The meaning of the word “Islam” is “the complete obedience and submissiveness to God”. Muslims know Allah through His Mercy and Wise, but they believe that He is beyond the abilities of their imagination or vision.

Quran can be viewed from a scientific point of view as a sustaining proof that assures the truth of Mohammed’s message, since its wording is different from the traditional wording of people. Any one, who reads or understands the Koran, will find that its source cannot be a man who was born in a Bedouin culture since more than fourteen centuries. But it is surely revealed from the Creator of the man and the universe, Who has unlimited and infinite science and knowledge regarding all His creations. We can find that our modern sciences concerning our universe and ourselves help us to have a more perfect and deeper understanding of the verses of the Koran.

We can see such a vision in the following verses which are found in a Surah of the Quran with the title “Al-Wakihah” (the day of resurrection). Allah leads us by these verses through a series of logic questions to assure a certain fact “We are created and He is our Creator”. So, the first verse states the following question:

“We (Allah) have created you, so why you don’t believe that.” (57/56) (The verse number 57 from Surat Al-Wakihah[i]

Now, let us read the answer of this question in the next verses from Surat Al-Wakihah (verses 57 –75)[ii]

God says in the Holy Quran what means " Have you (O’ man) ever seen (or observe and investigate) the semen that you emit (emitted during a man and a woman intercourses), `is it you who create it, or are we the Creator? We have ordained death to you and none of you shall escape it, and We are not to be prevented (or are able) to replacing you with the same kind (or transfigure you), or recreate you in any other form that you haven’t ever known. And indeed, you know the initial form of creation (i.e. the creation of Adam).

Have you ever seen (or investigate) the seeds (the source of your food) that you are sowing in the ground and then you feed upon them), is it you whomaster its growth and cultivation (or the characteristics of each plant), or are We the Master? Were it our Will, We could crumble such cultivation to chaff and you would be regretful (or left in wonderment). Then you would say, “We have incurred a loss. Nay. But we are deprived.”

Have you ever seen the water you drink (or looked to its sources and cycles)? Is it you who mastered it to be dropped to you from Al –Mozn (from clouds)? Or We are the Master? If it is Our Will, We could leave it salty (in its original form as sea water). Then why aren’t you thanking?

Have you ever seen (or investigate) the fuel (or fire as a source of energy) that is hidden (is hidden during its combustion in your bodies), is it you who constructed its tree (as the factory which produce the source of such fire)? We are Who make it in this way to let you enjoying your strength (through motion and doing effort) and to remind you (with God’s Will). Then (as a conclusion for that proofs), Glorify with praises the Name of Your Lord, The Most Great (56/58-74).

As the reader notice the answer in the first verse is given by another four specific questions that motivate our abilities to ponder and have a deep looking. All of them start by four words: “Have you ever seen (or looked at)

Of course, being in this century, we have a higher ability to look, search, understand and explain theses verses and discuss their logic through deep scientific procedures. So, I will try to explain these verses from my point of view as an engineer. Of course my explanation or understanding will be limited to my scope of thinking. Of course such understanding is different from the explanation of a man who has deeper knowledge than me. However, I hope the reader will appreciate my trial or approach to explain my limited understanding.[iii]

Question 1.a. (is concerned with the origin of our creation):

God says in this regard in the Holy Quran what means " Have you ever seen the semen that you emit?"

The scientific comment: The Creator leads us in this verse or question to ponder about the starting cell in our formation or creation. By the modern techniques we see the magnificent structure of such cells and what is called the marvelous genetic map. After having the electronic microscopes that can magnify the size of such semen many million times, we can really see it and answer this question scientifically. The man emits a semen and the woman produces ovum [iv], each providing a half of a human cell. By integrating these two halves into one cell in the womb of the woman, it offers an origin for the formation of a complete human creature. Seeing this semen, we find it is a miraculous unit that is responsible for keeping our race, it inherits the features of each race and the peculiarities of the father and the mother into a new birth. Such a completed cell starts to be divided pair by pair and forming the textures and bones of a new creature. We can see such formation and divisions by our magnifying equipment in ordered processes. It is evidence that it is surely designed, created, and guided by Great Creator who arranges for it such formation and mechanisms of subdivision to keep each race. The mechanism of subdivision and the way of unifying the semen of the male and female is fixed in all the human beings and also in all races in a unique manner since He is the same Creator for all these races. The scientists just discovers the discipline of subdivision and the mechanisms of forming different organs, but they do not know how these cells keeps such unique behavior in all creatures and also they do not yet know many secrets of the genetic map in such cells and How the life is gifted to such creatures. Those means as we approach the reality and see the semen, we are faced by more ambiguous or un-answered questions. But the answer is in the first verse we have: “We have created you, so why you don’t believe”.

The question asked by the God is to look at this semen is followed by another astonishing question in the following verse:

Question 1b: Is it you who create it, or are We the Creator?

Hence, can we claim that we creates this semen that is responsible for forming the new birth by features inherited from the mother and father or is it created by itself. Can such genetic map that can be seen in this semen be created by a just chance? Or do we find any one who can claim that he created it. If the God sent a book, the Koran, telling us that We are the creator , so, why not to confess that who really sent these words is the true Creator, since there is no way to deny that fact. The verse that follows is expressing our limited abilities regarding the death. Of course, when we die or loose our life, no one can return it back to our bodies. As it is told in the next verses, the Creator is Who decides for each person the specific time of death and the leaving of his soul (is an ambiguous thing related to the existence of life), as no-one can extend his life.

Now we came to the second question:

Question 2a: (Is concerned with the source of our food)

Have you ever seen (look to and investigate) the seeds (the source of your food) that you are just sowing it in the ground?

Scientific comment: The Creator in this question directs our abilities of observing to look to our role in cultivation of plants which is limited to throwing the seeds. Such plants prepare for us the food necessary for our surviving. He creates the plants as autonomous creatures that grow by just the falling rains, and we are non-autonomous creatures that should have such plants to live. These seeds prepare for us the food that suits our creation.

The question asked by the God is to look at these seeds. And then this question is followed by another scientific question in the next verse:

Question 2b: God says in the Holy Quran what means" Is it you who master its growth and cultivation (or the processes done by each seed), or are We the Master?

As we can understand, this verse asks us “Who teaches or guidessuch plants its role in preparation of our food” Our role is just to throw the seeds and wait. But the seed of each plant after its sowing starts to perform specific complicated tasks as if it is well trained to perform it. Looking at the roots of these plants, such roots select and absorb specified salts from the soil. Then the leaves of these plants that start to absorb carbon dioxide from the air and receives the sunrays to perform other complicated processes. Who ordered this seeds and taught them to do these complicated processes and finally to offer us vegetables or fruits that feed us. Have we any role in such tasks?!!

May any one claim that he taught these seeds how to perform such tasks? Or, can any one or any group of scientists create such seeds and plan for them to do these tasks. The answer is NO. So, we should confess: Oh God !You are the Master.

So, the Creator Who creates such seeds and defines such roles for it, have sent His messengers. Those messengers are normal men who received a revelation to tell us that such arrangements are His doing. Why not to believe such statement and to assure his sayings and to announce: “We believe that we are created. You are our Creator Who arranges for us such suitable feeding by such obeying plants in this ordered mechanism”.

In the verses that follows, God shows that as He is able to offer us our food by these obeying plants, He is also able to destroy such plants if it is His Will. Of course we see it is actually done through any diseases, by shortage of water or by any storm or flood sent by Him. And we can do nothing if it is damaged, but just to declare our sorry as we can’t stop such damage. So, why we deny the true Creator Who can really create and who can damage.

Now we come to the third question:

(Question (3a): is concerned with the water that we drink)

God says in the Holy Quran what means " Have you ever seen the water you drink?

Scientific comment: In the third question, the Creator directs us to think over the fresh water that we drink. The process of extracting such fresh water from the salty water of the seas and oceans to reach us is a complicated process. God keeps these unlimited stores of salty water in the oceans and the seas. These salts in the water protect the water from being spoilt due to action of bacteria and the limited motion of water in these oceans or seas. The Creator designed also a limited amount of sunrays to warm water on the surface of this oceans or seas and a and keeps a limited movement of wind to form from them the clouds of fresh water-vapors. These clouds are raised up to a height at which its density is balanced through an equal density of the air at high elevations. These clouds start to group and move by the influence of directed winds to selected regions, determined by the God. Such clouds at certain regions lose its balance and are dropped, causing the formation of rivers which supplies us with the water necessary for life . So, the Creator guides us in the third question to look and think how this water is created in a way available to us. To investigate these procedures and arrangements that led to have the fresh water available in our rivers for drinking and surviving the danger of drought . So, we are ordered in this verse to look to the scientific cycle of water on the earth. Of course, by such a look or thinking over we can answer the main question, are we created by a Creator ,who designed for us such a managed cycle to get the fresh water or not. Of course without such water we will not survive. It is the source of irrigating plants too. Let us look at the next verse which envelops this question by a magnificent scientific wording:

Question 3b: Is it you who mastered its dropping from Al –Mozn (or from clouds)? Or are We the Master?

The Arabic origin of the word Al-Mozn is the balance or equilibrium. It is written here replacing the clouds to show that the clouds are a certain state or phase of the water that exists at such height and density in complete equilibrium with the surrounding atmosphere. If this state of equilibrium is changed, the water is dropped from these clouds. In other words, when these clouds are pushed to certain environmental or atmospheric conditions, such equilibrium is lost and we get the fresh water to be flowing in rivers. Now, can we find an answer for question (3b)? Who masters the formation of the sources of such water (the clouds), and Who masters its dropping into specific areas, in specific times and in specific drinkable conditions by changing its state of Mozn. Can any one claim that he does that? But the Creator of the man announces that it is His Will in His Last revealed word, the Koran. So, why should we not announce the following answer?!!! “We believe that we are created and You, Who sent this Koran, are our Creator”.

In the verse that follows this question, the Creator states that as He is able to make the fresh water available to us, He is able too to stop all these processes to supply the fresh water. In this case, there will be available to us only the salty water in the seas and oceans. What can we do? Nothing. So, We should keep thanking Allah for such sustenance and mercy, and then He will keep it for us. These meanings are found in next verses, ended by this order: Then why aren’t you thanking?

Let us read the next verse:

Question (4a): Is concerned with the source of our energy

Have you ever seen (or investigate) the fire (or the combustion that evolves the energy) that is hidden (or that is done but it not seen in your tissues)?

Scientific comment: The final question as can be read guides us to think over how our bodies can get the fuel that supplies it with the required energy to move. This fuel is prepared and produced in the trees. The green leaves stores the energy from the sun in a very complicated photo-electro-chemical processes that are expressed in thousands of reactions. We call such reactions by “Photosynthesis Process”. During this process, the leaves of the plants or trees store carbon dioxide from the air and absorbs water from the soil ( through the roots) to form the carbohydrates in our food ( as in some fruits or vegetables ). When we eat the offered food, such carbohydrates is burnt in our bodies with unseen or hided fire and the absorbed energy is released. So our bodies get the energy required to be capable of moving, enjoying our life, and doing the required activities. When we see or look to the mechanisms of energy absorption in the trees and of energy release in our bodies, we will find that both are identical but are done in opposite direction. So, they should have the same Creator. Now, Who arranged all these mechanisms, reactions and processes? Such question is given in the verse that follows.

Question (4b )God says in the Holy Quran what means ): Is it you who constructed its tree (as the factory which produce the source of such fire or energy)? We are Who make it in this way to let you enjoying your strength (through motion and doing effort) and to remind you (with God’s Will)

Can any one claim that he design and produce the green leaves of the plants or trees to perform such complicated tasks to absorb the solar energy. And then he designs our cells to be capable of restoring such energy by combustion in a hidden manner to enjoy the use of the strength of our muscles. Of course the answer is NO. And we have no way other than to confess the stated fact written by Who design, create and revealed this verse. So, if He tells us that He is the Creator Who created us in this form and created for us this sources of energy to enjoy our life, we should believe in Him, otherwise we should not deserve His gifts, I mean our abilities to see, to think and to read.

NOW, at the end of these four questions regarding four disciplined and planned creations. They are written in an ordered form: the origin of our formation, the source that offers our food, the source that offers us our drinking water, and the source that offers us the energy. Who is responsible for that? Can we claim that it is done and planned without a Great and Wise Creator? And can we claim that this verse that guides us to this answer in such sequential manner is not revealed from Him, the Merciful and Great Creator. Or can we claim that a Bedouin, who was born in a desert from more than 15 centuries, can direct such scientific questions in such scientific sequence.

This reached conclusion is written at the end of these verses by this order:

Then why don't you thank?

Scientific conclusion: At the end of any scientific research, we should write the conclusion. So, the Creator at the next verse gives us the conclusion, which should be told by any man “Our Sincere Thanks to Allah, The Truly Merciful God, Who surely created us and Who guides us by His Miraculous Koran”

---

[i] It is a chapter of the Koran with this title . Such chapter has the number “56” in the Holy Koran, and has 96 verses (sentences) . The translation of the word “Al-Wakihah” is “the events of the Day of Resurrection.” Generally we write beside each verse the number of the verse followed by the number of the chapter.

[ii] ( the words written in blue color are just an attempt of translation of the Koran (as the Holy Quran is lexically and lingistically miraculous. However, the bracketed words are another trial to show the meaning or a deeper explanation of these words, since the words in Arabic are of broader destinations than the translated words )

[iii] Of course, the complete understanding of these verses is just known to Allah

[iv] the semen is a fluid that carry spermatozoon which carry half of the chromosomes ,while female produces ovums that carry the other integrating half of chromosomes . If God wills that both halves met , they form the first human cell.

Mecca is the Center of the Earth

The layers of the earth

In this short study , when contemplating about the miracles of God in this universe , I will show the miracles in the creation of the earth though many people go unmindful of them . God says in the Holy Quran what means " And in the earth are portents for those whose faith is sure " (Al-Zaryat :20) According to seismology , the earth , from the surface to its center , is composed of three layers and these with the secondary ones form seven layers ( figure 1) , God refers to this wel-established fact in the Holy Quran , God says in the Holy Quran in this regard what means ( Allah it is who hath created seven heavens, and of the earth the like thereof. The commandment cometh down among them slowly, that ye may know that Allah is Able to do all things, and that Allah surroundeth all things in knowledge ." (Quran 56:12)

These layers are:

1- The earth Crust

It the solid part that we live on , it varies in thickness , the maximum thickness is under the mountain while thickness is relatively smaller under oceans ; the earth crust can be scientifically categorized into two parts :

(a) The continental crust :

It is a rocky mass varying in thickness , the rate of thickness varies between 30Km-40Km in the continental areas while it reaches 70km under mountains

(b) The oceanic layer : it is a rocky structure encompassing the earth under oceans and the crust ; it is not harmonious structure with relatively thickness of 6km

The mantle : it is higher in dense than all the masses of the crust , it is complex in structure ; because of the high temperature and pressure , it is semi-rigid , it is the source of magma , it can be divided into three parts

(a) The upper mantle which goes deep to a depth of 400km under the crust .

(b) The transformation zone which extends from 400km to 1000km

(c) The lower mantle which extends from 1000 km to 2900km

3-The core of the earth , it is mainly composed of iron and Nickel and it can be divided into layers

a) The outer core which is in a liquid state , it extends from a depth of 2900km to 5080km

(b) The interior core : it is a rigid substance and it extends from a depth of

5080 to 6371 , it is believed that the internal core is the centre of the earth .

(figure -1) The seven layers or plates

The rock layer of the earth on which we live has never been one mass but it is composed of what scientifically known as ( plates ) . God refers to this fact in the Holy Quran , ( And in the Earth are neighboring tracts, vineyards and ploughed lands, and date palms, like and unlike, which are watered with one water. And We have made some of them to excel others in fruit. Lo! herein verily are portents for people who have sense . ) (Quran - 13:4)

These adjacent plates , that are mentioned in the Holy Quran , are that which are scientifically approved ( figure 2) , this is , now , the most well-established and the most scientifically well-supported fact , it is taught everywhere in the world universities , Geology department . The most well-known earth plates are :

1. Eurasian plate covering Asia and Europe

2.African plate covering Africa

3.The Arabian plate

4.Antarctic plate covering Antarctic

5. Australian plate, covering Australia (fused with Indian plate between 50 and 55 million years ago)

6. North American Plate covering North America and north-east Siberia

7. South American plate covering South America

8. Pacific Plate covering the Pacific Plate

9. The Indian Plate

10. The Caribbean plate

11. The Philippine plate

12. Scotia

Figure (2) The scientifically-known plates nowadays ( mentioned in the Holy Quran as the neighboring plates

The plates motion

the earth plates relatively moves slowly and constantly , it can't be seen directly but can be recoded with highly advanced technology ; (1M a year was reported by this technology as regard the movement of one of these plates)and can be experienced during earthquakes .

There are three main kinds of motions as regard the plate movement :

Convergent movement , divergent movement and transform movement, in the divergent movement , two adjacent plate move in the opposite directions moving away from each other and this often happens in mid-floor of seas and oceans causing dint or protuberance and this result in the gushing out of the magma under sea water , being molten and with high pressure , it cause large mass of water to evaporate ; the Holy Quran has referred to this scientific fact in the following verse (And by the sea set on fire ) (Quran 81:6)

Ocean floor rift typifies a certain kind of earthquakes followed by magma out-break . This magma is composed of complex substance higher in density than the rocks of the crust , scientific studies have proved that density of the upper mantle is much higher in density than that of the earth crust (0.4gramme/ cm3 ) , the more we go down , the more differences in density . The Holy Quran refers to this scientific fact ( When Earth is shaken with her (final) earthquake and Earth yieldeth up her burdens (Quran 99:1-2)

These magma forms what is now known as the volcanic mountains which are termed as mid-ocean ridges, which rise over the oceans and seas water forming islands , the earthquake and volcanoes co-occurrence can be illustrated in (figure -3) the convergence movement means that two adjacent plate approach each other with result that they collide with each other , as they go on colliding ,one of them or both slidedown as far as 100Km with the result that they have their structure changed turning into semi-molten state because of the high temperature - this process typifies the corroding

figure 3) the locations where the last recorded quakes took place in the last century dotted in black , these co-occur the locations of opening the mid-oceans (oceans colored blue) and also represent the locations of crust plates collisions ( colored green) taken from (Spencer ,2003)

(Of the ends of the plates or the ends of the earth as the Holy Quran depicts , this fact is mentioned in the Holy Quran in the following two Holy verses . God says in the Holy Quran in this regard what means ( See they not how We visit the land, reducing it of its outlying parts? (When) Allah doometh there is none that can postpone His doom, and He is swift at reckoning. " (Quran - 13:41)

Also God says also in the Holy Quran what means "Nay, but We gave these and their fathers ease until life grew long for them. See they not how we visit the land, reducing it of its outlying parts? Can they then be the victors? " (Quran - 21:44)

A plate might slide over the other forming structural mountains , these moves with the plates; these means that these mountains moves and that what the Holy Quran refers to , God says in the Holy Quran what means ( And when the hills are moved) (Quran - 81:3)

Also God says in the Holy Quran what means " Had it been possible for a Lecture to cause the mountains to move, or the earth to be torn asunder, or the dead to speak, (this Quran would have done so). Nay, but Allah's is the whole command. Do not those who believe know that, had Allah willed, He could have guided all mankind? As for those who disbelieve, disaster ceaseth not to strike them because of what they do, or it dwelleth near their home until the threat of Allah come to pass. Lo! Allah faileth not to keep the tryst."

Also God says in the Holy Quran what means "And (bethink you of) the Day when We remove the hills and ye see the earth emerging, and We gather them together so as to leave not one of them behind.(Quran - 18:47)

Earth quakes and volcanoes eruptions accompany the collision of the plates , the same thing happens in the transform movement which cause fissures as long as it goes lengthwise ; this is also a proof that plates are in continuous motion since they were first formed up till now .

The movement of the earth plate reasons

The reason for the motion of the plates lies in the mantle under the crust whose thickness reaches 2800 km ,it is composed of rocky complex silicon material , partially or wholly molten, yet it is not in a liquid state but rather in a very viscous state with high temperature and pressure , it is well established that the deeper , the hotter inside the earth ; so the temperature of the lower parts in the mantle is higher than the upper , because of the variance of temperature between the plates of the earth , the giant convective currents take place moving from the lower parts to the upper parts circularly –because of the difference in density - carrying up the hotter substance and then the less hot substances goes down because of its high density and weight , this process is constant and continuous (Figure -4) , the convective currents press hard on the earth crust over it causing it to move in any of the ways already mentioned motions

Figure -4) the convective currents in the mantle between the crust and the core

The movement of the earth plate is accurately calculated and compact; it keeps the mass of the earth and surface area , in the time when the end of one of the sunken plate wears away (or shrink in size ) a new rocky substance is generated in the facing end (mid-ocean ridges ) . These keep the gravity among space masses and keep these objects going in their orbits , this highly perfected accuracy can't be a mere chance –The earth –a simple creatures - is among the many creatures of The Omnipotent -God omnipotence is infinite, God says in the Holy Quran what mean " And they esteem not Allah as He hath the right to be esteemed, when the whole earth is His handful on the Day of Resurrection, and the heavens are rolled in His right hand. Glorified is He and High Exalted from all that they ascribe as partner (unto Him)( Quran - 39:67)

Mecca Location in the light of the plate movement through the geological ages

Geologists divides the historical geology of the earth into many divisions and subdivision to make it understandable when talking about a certain period of the earth age , the earth's age is estimated to be 4.5 billions years ,the earth age extends from the Cambrian age till the modern age , since this age , the earth plates have been moving continuously changing their shapes and locations and even their numbers – some of them were broken forming new plates while others were joined together .

It is scientifically –established that the earth plates , through the long geological age , have been moving regularly around the Arabian plate ;these plates constantly converge towards it as if they pointed to it . Scientific studies affirm and attest these facts though not published to discuss the convergence of the plates towards the Arabian plate but published with irrelevant aims .

(Figure -5) shows the movement of the Indian plate according to magnetic anomalies estimations regarding the floor of Indian ocean , it also shows the different locations that both the Indian and sir lanka plates occupied over the span of the last 71 millions years up till now till it seemingly took its final place that is because its movement can't be seen and that its movement is too slow , if compared with the human age . It is clear in (figure -5 ) that the Indian plate had moved northwards with a slight circulation counterclockwise(figure-5), the movement of the Arabian plate is not taken into consideration in this figure , the location of the Saudi Arabia is a part of the Arabian plate .

(Figure -6) shows the location of Arabian plate according to the Indian , African , Turkish and Iranians plates ( it was first composed of a number of parts , this figure also shows the part middle of Iran as a separate part from the north of the west of Iran ) and Afghanistan , (figure -6) shows the location of these plate surrounding the Arabian plate , the dotted lines parts ( plates represented with discontinued line ) to the earth plate during the mid Jurasic Age.

figure -5) the movement of the Indian plate 71 millions years ago estimated according to the magnetic anomalies in according to Indian ocean bed – the source is:( Spencer,2003)

( Figure 6) the movement of the earth plates according to the Arabian plate one million years ago (source Forster,1978)

( that is one millions years ago ) . when looking carefully at( figure -6) , we will find that the Indian plate has moved northwards counterclockwise as far as a few degrees and so did the plates of Afghanistan , the middle and the north of the west of Iran , and Turkey

If we look at the location of the Arab plate in the one million years ago ( the part which is represented by dots) in ( figure 6) , we will find that it has moved a little northwards taking into consideration the movement of the far plates; it moved around counterclockwise. We can conclude that the Arabian plate in the last million years ( before creating the human being ) and at the present time took a mid position among the earth plates – these plates encompass it (figure-6)

During her long time journey , the Arabian plate didn't cover along distance as it is the center of the circulation movement, it has moved within the shorter diameter. So it is clear that the Arabian plate is center of the earth plates ,and everywhere it goes , it is followed by the other plates going round it regularly , each plate keeps its constant direction towards the Arabian plate . It is well-established that Mecca where the Moslem Kabba lies is in the Arabian plate (figure -7)

Now , if we use the same approach applied on the Arabian plate , we can say that every thing on and in the earth directs its face to Mecca where the Moslem Kabba lies , this system will go on , according to God's will , to a certain time assigned by God , this accurate unwavering system can't be out of a chance ; it is a supernatural power that made it and is still keeping it going on – that is God , who rose the heavens with unseen pillars .

(figure -7) the location of the Holy Mecca in the Arabian plate

lso God says in the Holy Quran what means " Allah is Creator of all things, and He is Guardian over all things . " (Quran - 39:62)

Also God says in the Holy Quran : " Say (O Muhammad): Who is Lord of the heaven and the earth? Say: Allah! Say: Take ye then (others) beside Him for protectors, which, even for themselves, have neither benefit nor hurt? Say: Is the blind man equal to the seer, or is darkness equal to light? Or assign they unto Allah partners Who created the like of His creation so that the creation (which they made and His creation) seemed alike to them? Say: Allah is the Creator of all things, and He is the One, the Almighty " (Quran - 13:62)

Also God says in the Holy Quran : " So , now , since everything directs its face towards the Holy Mecca , and that the Holy Kabba is the center of Mecca , we can assuredly and scientifically say that Kabba is the center of the earth and that everything on or under it directs its face towards it in complete submissiveness and piety "

God says in the Holy Quran : " Hast thou not seen that unto Allah payeth adoration whosoever is in the heavens and whosoever is in the earth, and the sun, and the moon, and the stars, and the hills, and the trees, and the beasts, and many of mankind, while there are many unto whom the doom is justly due. He whom Allah scorneth, there is none to give him honor. Lo! Allah doeth what He will." (Quran - 22:18 )

God says in the Holy Quran : " And unto Allah falleth prostrate whosoever is in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly, as do their shadows in the morning and the evening hours . " (Quran - 13:15)

God says in the Holy Quran : " And unto Allah maketh prostration whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth of living creatures, and the angels (also), and they are not proud (Quran - 16:49)

God says in the Holy Quran : " And of His portents (is this): that thou seest the earth lowly, but when We send down water thereon it thrilleth and groweth. Lo! He who quickeneth it is verily the Quickener of the dead. Lo! He is Able to do all things ". (Quran - 41:39)

God says in the Holy Quran : " Allah hath appointed the Ka'bah, the Sacred House, a standard for mankind, and the Sacred Month and the offerings and the garlands. That is so that ye may know that Allah knoweth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth, and that Allah is Knower of all things." (Quran - 5:97)

Glory be to the Creator of the Heaves and the earth , we deeply implore Him to enlighten our dark heart with the light of his countenance that enlighten the Heavens and the earth

God says in the Holy Quran : " And the earth shineth with the light of her Lord, and the Book is set up, and the Prophets and the witnesses are brought, and it is judged between them with truth, and they are not wronged ." (Quran 39:67)

we deeply implore to him to animate our hearts with light of wisdom as he animate the barren land with rain and to accept our deeds and acts making them only for his pleasure

Then praise be to Allah, Lord of the heavens and Lords of the earth, the Lord of the Worlds. And unto Him (alone) belongeth majesty in the heavens and the earth, and He is the Mighty, the Wise . (Quran 45:36-37)

Related Sources :

- Spencer E. W. 2003: Earth Science, understanding environment systems. McGraw Hill. Toranto, 517p.

- Forster, H., 1978: Mesozoic –Cenozoic metallogenesis in Iran . journal of the Geological Society – London . Printed in the Netherland. Vol.135. pp 443-455. 8 figs

Miracles of the Quran : Orbits

A video that shows how the Quran mentioned Orbits in space 1427 years ago before modern science discoveries..

The Cosmic

By Dr. Zaghloul Al-Naggar

Allah Said in Surat (Chapter) Fussilat verse 11 on the Holy Quran : "Then turned He to the heaven when it was smoke, and said to it and to the earth: Come both, willingly or unwillingly. They both said, "We come willingly." (Quran - 41:11)

In the first third of the 20th century, astronomers noticed the expansion of the universe, the thing that has aroused a lot of controversy before scientists could admit it. The glorious Quran refers to this fact before 1400 years ago as Allah Say in Surat (Al-Dhareyat – "Drivers of the Wind"), verse 47: "We have built the heaven with might, and We will continue to expand it." (Quran - 51:47)

This verse was sent when the whole world believed that the Universe is stable and unchanging. This thought prevailed till mid 20th century when astronomers discovered that the Universe is expanding and its galaxies are getting distant from us and from each other at almost the speed of light (300.000 Km/s). Besides, all the mathematical equations and the laws of physics support what astronomers found. Hence, astronomers, theoretical physicists and astrophysicists assume that if we go back in time, we'll find that all - the visible and invisible – forms of matter and energy in the cosmos must have been compressed in an elementary minute body whose size is almost zero, and where the dimensions of time and place contract. This elementary body was in a state of density and heat that no human mind can ever imagine and where there is no place for the laws of physics. This elementary body exploded – by Allah's command - in what's called by scientists the Big Bang (and by the Quran {Al-fatq} which means the phase when the earth and heavens exploded after being a one solid mass). Therefore, the Quran is the first to mention this great cosmic event exceeding any human knowledge as Allah Say:

"Have not those who disbelieve known that the heavens and the earth used to be one solid mass that we exploded into existence? And from water we have made everything living. Will they not then believe?" (Quran - 21:30) {surat Al-Anbeyaa (The prophets)-verse 30}

When an elementary body with these characteristics explodes, it turns into a cloud of smoke from which the earth and all the celestial bodies were created. Again the Quran exceeds all the human knowledge when it mentions the phase of "smoke" before 1400 years as Allah Say: "Say (O Muhammad, unto the idolaters): Disbelieve you verily in Him Who created the earth in two Days, and ascribe you unto Him equals? He (and none else) is the Lord of the Worlds [9] He set on it (the earth) mountains standing firm, and blessed it, and measured therein its sustenance in four Days, in accordance with (the needs of) those who seek (Sustenance) [10] Then turned He to the heaven when it was smoke, and said to it and to the earth: Come both, willingly or unwillingly. They both said, "We come willingly [11]" (Quran - 41:11) {surat Fussilat (Detailed)}

On the 8th of November1989, NASA launched its Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite in an orbit that is 600 Km away from the earth and the effect of clouds and pollutants in the lower layers of the earth's atmosphere. 10 light years away from the earth, COBE sent millions of photos and information about the remnants of the smoke resulted from the Big Bang. It was a phase of a dark smoke that has prevailed in the Universe before the heavens and the earth were created. Exalted be He Who Say before 1400 years: "Then turned He to the heaven when it was smoke, and said to it and to the earth: Come both, willingly or unwillingly. They both said, "We come willingly [11]" (Quran - 41:11)

The ramnants of the cosmic dust

The state of "smoke" that prevailed after the Big Bang (after exploding the solid mass of the

heavens and the earth):

After the Big Bang, theoretical physicists and astrophysicists started to analyse the course of cosmic events. Although we believe that these events are far from being known to us as Allah Say in surat Al-Kahf (The Cave) "I never permitted them to witness the creation of the heavens and the earth, nor the creation of themselves [51]" (Quran - 18:51) Yet, the constancy and continuity of the cosmic laws help us somehow to create a right image about these unknown events – in spite of the limitedness of man's senses and his mental abilities on one hand, and the limitedness of his time and space on the other hand. Besides, things such as long-range missiles, their satellites, and the sensitive recording and measuring devices helped a lot in forming an image of the cosmic dust (smoke) resulting from the Big Bang whose remnants were found at the far end of the visible universe (up to 10 billion light years away) to be an evidence that the qur'anic word "smoke" has not been chosen haphazardly and it accurately describes the state of the Universe before the creation of earth and heavens.

Astrophysics and the cosmic "smoke":

after the Big Bang, the whole Universe turned into a cloud of smoke from which the earth and heavens were later created. Physical calculations tell us that the size of the Universe before the Big Bang was almost zero (the elementary minute body) as both matter and energy were greatly compressed and the dimensions of time and place had no existence. After the explosion of this elementary body (the Big Bang), it turned into a ball of radiation and elementary particles that continued to expand and cool at a great speed until it turned into a cloud of smoke.
Physical calculations said that the heat of the Universe during the first few seconds after the Big Bang was ranging from trillion Kelvin degrees up to billions of Kelvin degrees (Steven andHoking 1988). This cloud of smoke consisted of photon, electron and neutron particles and their antiparticles. If the Universe didn't continue to cool and expand steadily and accurately, the elementary particles of the matter would have annihilated each other and the Universe would have vanished…but Allah who perfectly created everything has kept it.
Neutrons may exist in the shape of what's called the dark matter. Alan Goth believed that after the Big Bang, the Universe expanded at a tremendous rate that caused the increase of its diameter 2910 times in a part of a second. Soon after that – according to theoretical physics calculations, the Universe continued to cool till it reached billion Kelvin degrees. At this degree, protons bound to electrons to form hydrogen nuclei or deutron nuclei which decayed into hydrogen, or to more protons and neutrons to from helium nuclei along with heavier elements such as lithium and beryllium. However, helium and hydrogen nuclei were in a majority.

Theoretical calculations tell us that shortly after that, the production of the helium and the

heavier elements stops and the Universe kept expanding and cooling for a long time. As it cooled, the temperature decreased to reach a few thousands Kelvin degrees, while the atoms began to from and the cosmic "smoke" began to accumulate forming numbers of great nebulas

As the Universe continued to expand and cool, a number of these nebulas began – with the effect of gravity - to condense on themselves, and to whirl around themselves at a gradually accelerating speed till masses of condensed gases formed inside it. Hydrogen and helium gases started to condense on themselves at higher rates – as the masses continued to whirl around themselves inside these nebulas – and consequently their heat increased till it reached the level necessary for the nuclear fusion. Then, the stars emitting heat and light began to form.

Nuclear fusion continues inside the high mass stars to form heavier elements such as carbon, oxygen and other heavy elements till the star's core turns completely into iron and called then "nova". This "nova" explodes into "supernova." The remnants of the supernova explosion spread with their heavy elements forming planets. Only what remains in the galaxy gases is the amount that helps to form a new star (by Allah's will).2% of our sun's mass is made up of 2 heavy elements; namely, hydrogen and helium. Of course these heavy elements didn't form inside the sun, but they came to it with the remnants of the supernova explosion. In spite of the fact that both matter and energy are greatly compressed in the celestial bodies (such as the stars and its satellites), the visible universe seems to be highly homogeneous and surrounded by a symmetrical background radiation wherever the observer was. Moreover, the expansion of the universe haven't yet reached the critical point of collapsing and recompacting; the thing that asserts that this universe is meticulously controlled. The visible universe is still expanding - after 10 billion years (the minimum lifetime of the universe) - at the same rate of the critical expansion. If the universe exceeded just hundreds of billions of this rate, the universe would have collapsed immediately. So exalted be He who kept it from collapsing.

The theory of relativity can't explain that because the laws of physics and the dimensions of both time and place collapse at this preliminary body {(Al-ratq) which means the phase when the heavens and the earth were one solid mass} before it explodes with its mass, density, tremendous heat and negligible size. No rational man can ever imagine that this masterly creation of the universe is anything but a command from The Creator (Exalted be He) Who Say in suratYassin, verse 82: "Verily, when He intends anything, His Command is only to say to it: "Be" and it is!" (Quran - 36:82)

Physicists say that if the electric charge of the neutron changed a little, no nuclear fusion would happen in the stars and if - supposedly - this happens, the stars would not be able to explode in the shape of supernova. The average rate of cosmic expansion must have been accurately chosen as its current rate is still very close to the critical point that kept the Universe from collapsing.

Theoretical physicists and astrophysicists state that the cosmic "smoke" was a mixture of hot dark gases that carry some elementary particles of matter and antimatter. These pairs in creation that spread in the Universe witness that Allah is only One. The word "smoke" is the best word to describe this state, so exalted be He who mentioned it in the Quran before 1400 years.

The elementary particles of the matter that were spread in the early cosmic smoke helped to from hydrogen and helium nuclei. After that, they reached the point that allows the formation of fixed atoms of heavier elements through the combination of the hydrogen and helium nuclei. The smoke kept prevailing carrying the atoms of the elements from which the heavens and the earth were later created.

Theoretical studies made it clear that the Universe in this smoky state was in a homogeneous sate except some slight difference in the density and temperature among its regions. This is because some of this smoke turned (by Allah's command) into parts where a great amount of matter and energy is highly centered in what's called nebulae. According to the fact that gravity is in direct proportion to the amount of matter and energy, they compacted more and more and the stars and the rest of the celestial bodies formed in this nebulae. In their early state, the stars formed from the light elements such as hydrogen and helium which gradually turned, with the nuclear fusion process; into heavier elements inside these stars according to the mass of each.

A photo of the background radiation
The red spots are the hot areas
The blue spots are the cool areas

According to scientists, the mass of this dark smoke is 90% of the mass of the matter in the visible universe. George Smote, a responsible for the Explorer's trip, wrote a report in 1992 about the conclusion of this great number of cosmic photos. The most important of these photos was the homogeneous state of the smoke that was prevailing in the Universe before the Big Bang. The leftover glow that exists in the shape of background radiation was an evidence of the Big Bang. These results invalidate all the false theories that tried, out of infidelity and atheism, to deny the Creator (exalted be He)and proved that the Universe is constant without beginning or ending such as Herman Bundy and Freed Howell's theory of constant universe which they announced in 1949 and Richard Tolman's theory of oscillating universe. Proving the existence of the cosmic "smoke" and the background radiation after proving that the Universe is expanding makes it crystal clear that our Universe has a beginning and must one day have an end. Moreover, all the photos sent by COBE and published in April in 1992 affirm this fact.

The formation of galaxies nuclei from the cosmic "smoke":

The elementary body from which the Universe was created was packed with matter and energy that its size was almost zero. After the explosion of this body and the expansion of the universe, the radiation expanded and the electromagnetic force filled the Universe. This means that the more the Universe expands, the less hot and dense it becomes and the less the energy centers.
The first form of energy in the Universe is the gravitational force. It is a cosmic force in the meaning that everybody in the Universe is under its control according to the body's mass and the amount of energy in it. It is along-range force and it keeps the construction and the dimension of the visible universe. May be it is this force that Allah mean in surat l Ra'd (the Thunder), verse 2 when He Say:

"Allah is He Who raised the heavens without any pillars that youcan see; then He is on the Throne, He has subjected the sun and the moon (to his Law), each one runs (in its orbit) to an appointed time. He regulates all affairs, explaining the signs in detail, that you may be certain of meeting your Lord." (Quran - 13:2)

Al- Hajj {the pilgrimage}) verse 65 when He Say:

"Do you not see that Allah has committed in your service everything on earth? And the ships run in the sea by His command? And He withholds the heaven from falling on the earth except with His permission, for Allah is The Merciful, The Compassionate to mankind." (Quran - 22:65)
Surat Al- Rom (The Romans) when He Say in verse 25:

"And one of His signs is that the heaven and the earth subsist by His command, then when He calls you out of the earth, one call, you will immediately come out." (Quran - 30:25)

surat Luqman verse 10 when He says:

"He created the heavens without any pillars that you can see." (Quran - 31:10)

Surt Fater (Originator), verse 41

"It is Allah Who sustains the heavens and the earth, lest they vanish, and if they were to vanish: there is not one that could hold them after Him. Verily He is Most Forbearing, Oft-Forgiving." (Quran - 35:41)

Allah (Exalted be He) swore (and He is in no need of swearing) by the "Ceiling raised high" in surat Al-Tur (Mount Sinai) verse 5. This qur’anic oath was by the heavens raised without visible pillars.

The second form of energy is the electromagnetic force which works among the electric charged particles. It is more powerful than the gravitational force million times. It is represented in the repelling force among the particles of different charges and in the attracting force among the particles of like charges. This repelling and attracting forces annihilate each other. Hence, the total of the electromagnetic force in the universe is almost zero. However, as far as the particles and the matter atoms are concerned, this force remains the most powerful force in the Universe. The electromagnetic force is the force that compels the electron to whirl around the nucleus exactly like the gravitational force which compels the earth (and the other planets of the Milky Way) to whirl around the Sun. This proves the uniformity of the Universe from its smallest particle to its largest galaxy and that Allah is only One without a partner or a rival. Physicists say that the electromagnetic force is the result of the alternation of great numbers of particles which almost have no weight and called photons.
The third force is the third nuclear force which represents the glue that holds nucleons together. This force reaches its utmost in the ordinary levels of energy and it weakens with the gradual increase of these levels.
The fourth force is the weak nuclear force and it is the force responsible for the radioactivity. Whereas the strong nuclear force weakens in the high levels of energy, both the weak nuclear force and the electromagnetic force reach their utmost in these levels.

The unification of forces in the Universe:

Physicists presume that the electromagnetic, strong, and weak nuclear forces were a unified force described as the "grand unification theory." This theory is considered a step to another theory that unifies all the cosmic forces into one great force, the thing that proves that Allah is only One. From this great force, the four known cosmic forces (the gravitational force, the electromagnetic force, and both the strong and the weak nuclear forces) emerged right with Big Bang {Al-fatq} which means the phase when the earth and heavens exploded after being a one solid mass). Except for the gravitational force, all the other cosmic forces reach the same rate at very high levels of energy called "Grand unification energy). Hence, these three forms of energy are three facets of one force, the gravitational force could be part of which as it is a very long-range force that has control over the cosmic bodies and the great complexes of matter. Therefore, it could be, theoretically, neglected as a kind of simplification when dealing only with elementary particles or even with atoms of elements.
This uniformity of the Universe and the energy in it, along with the spread of pairs in creation is a clear-cut evidence that the Creator of this Universe, unlike His creatures, is only One without a partner.

-Smoke in Arabic means "Dukhan" which means literally "dust and hot gas."

Related sites :
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap980806.html

http://www.uccs.edu/

http://www.whyevolution.com/nothing.html

http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/2003/170.cfm